Figure 1

A four-step methodology, starting with identifying susceptible communities and occupations and ending with the specific skill gaps workers would need to bridge

A skills-based methodology for identifying career transition pathways in communities facing economic disruption

Source: Authors.
Notes: This study uses four categories from Canada's Occupational and Skills Information System (OaSIS, 2023 version), covering 166 competencies across Skills, Knowledge, Abilities, and Work Activities. Viability filters include local presence, occupational outlook, earnings differential, AI exposure and training-level compatibility (TEER). See Section 4 for methodology details.
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Figure 2

Seven communities across Canada were selected to illustrate how the approach works across different economic profiles

Source: Authors, based on IRPP Community Transformations Project susceptibility methodology (Chejfec et al., 2025).
Notes: Community susceptibility was assessed using 2021 Census data across three metrics: facility emissions, employment in emissions-intensive sectors, and labour force in globally traded sectors. Susceptible occupations were selected based on each community's dominant industrial structure. The Northwest Territories is assessed as a whole territory rather than a single census division, due to occupation data availability constraints at the sub-territorial level. See Box 1 for methodology details.
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Table 1

The study uses four OaSIS categories covering 166 competencies

Source: Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC), Occupational and Skills Information System (OaSIS), 2023 version.
Notes: OaSIS covers seven categories in total. This study uses the four shown here. A rating of 0 is equivalent to not applicable.
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<iframe class="ctp-figure" src="https://irpp-study-to-ctpskills-authorpackage.pages.dev/figures/G2_oasis_competencies.html" title="Table 1 — OaSIS competency counts by domain" style="width:100%; max-width:550px; border:0; display:block; margin:0 auto;" loading="lazy" scrolling="no"></iframe>
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Figure 3

Each of the 15 susceptible occupations has skills-similar alternatives spread across three or more occupation families, suggesting broad potential before local conditions are considered

Number of individual occupations from each NOC 3-digit group appearing in the top 10 most skills-similar alternatives

Source: Authors' calculations using OaSIS (2023 version).
Notes: For each susceptible occupation (rows), the similarity algorithm identifies the 10 most skills-similar alternatives from across the Canadian labour market. These candidates are grouped by their NOC 3-digit occupation family (columns). Cell values show how many individual occupations from that family appear in the top 10. Only columns where more than one row has values are shown. Community tags indicate where each susceptible occupation is tracked in this study. These suitable candidates represent the starting pool before community-specific viability filters are applied.
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<iframe class="ctp-figure" src="https://irpp-study-to-ctpskills-authorpackage.pages.dev/figures/B2_suitable_heatmap.html" title="Figure 3 — Workforce suitability heatmap" style="width:100%; max-width:550px; border:0; display:block; margin:0 auto;" loading="lazy" scrolling="no"></iframe>
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Figure 4

Starting from a ranked list of suitable occupations, successive filters narrow the pool to a focused set of locally viable alternatives

Illustrated for material handlers (TEER 5) in Oxford, ON

Source: Authors' calculations using OaSIS (2023 version), Census (2021), Labour Force Survey (2023), COPS projections, and Community Transformations Project profiles.
Notes: Each dot represents a candidate occupation; the centre ring is the susceptible occupation. Proximity to centre indicates higher competency similarity. Faded dots have been filtered out at that stage.
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Table 2

For each susceptible occupation in Estevan, viable alternatives are identified at comparable and higher training levels

Source: Authors' calculations using OaSIS (2023 version), Census (2021), Labour Force Survey (2023), COPS projections and IRPP community consultations.
Notes: For each susceptible occupation, the middle column shows the top viable occupations that passed screening, grouped by occupation family (2-digit NOC). The final column presents the curated pathways selected through a simulated community review, shown at comparable and more extensive training levels. Results for all seven communities are available in Appendix B and in the interactive version of this figure online.
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Figure 5

A revealed comparative advantage (RCA) approach pinpoints where each transition pathway requires the most upskilling

Two examples of how the RCA approach identifies where workers would need to build skills

Source: Authors, using OaSIS (2023 version)
Notes: Each bar shows the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) for a competency. Values above 1.0 (dashed line) indicate the occupation relies on that competency more intensely than the average across all occupations. Where the viable occupation (teal, narrow) extends beyond the susceptible occupation (grey, wide), a training gap exists. Left panel: same TEER level (5). Right panel: TEER upgrade required (3 → 2).
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Figure 6

Common skill gaps across communities can inform regional training investments

Most common skill gap for each community, across curated transition pairs

Source: Authors, using OaSIS (2023 version) and RCA methodology.
Notes: For each community, the table shows the competencies that most frequently appear as a top skill gap across all curated transition pairs. Gaps are identified using a revealed comparative advantage (RCA) approach: a competency is a gap when the viable occupation's RCA exceeds 1 and the susceptible occupation's RCA is below 1. The denominator is the total number of curated transition pairs per community.
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<iframe class="ctp-figure" src="https://irpp-study-to-ctpskills-authorpackage.pages.dev/figures/J_skills_gap_table.html" title="Figure 6 — Skills gaps by community" style="width:100%; max-width:550px; border:0; display:block; margin:0 auto;" loading="lazy" scrolling="no"></iframe>
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Figure 7

Sample career transition pathways for material handlers in Oxford, Ont.

An illustrative walkthrough from susceptible occupation to viable alternatives, including skill gap identification

Source: Authors, using OaSIS (2023 version), 2021 Census, COPS projections, and IRPP community profiles.
Notes: Left panel shows the top skill-similar occupations ranked by cosine similarity across 166 OaSIS competencies. Centre panel screens candidates for earnings (≥65% of source median), occupational outlook (COPS), and AI exposure. Right panel previews training gaps for a selected viable occupation using the RCA approach. Qualitative assessment notes reflect community-level context from IRPP research and extrapolations from the data.
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Appendix

Candidate occupations screening reference table

Full screening breakdown for all 7 communities × 15 susceptible occupations

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